Jumat, 07 Juni 2013

ARTICLE ECONOMIC



Our greatest economic woe is that not many people around the world are buying our goods like they were before 2008. The reason is that there is large-scale unemployment in most places. This coupled with a large amount of debt, carried by governments, pension funds, and individuals, have left people and governments searching for solutions.
For individuals and families, financial austerity is the answer, but all too many governments around the world are applying this same logic by cutting services to their citizens. What does austerity accomplish in my country, the USA? Cutting back on our massive defense spending would be a big help if we used the money saved to keep our k12 school systems and public colleges adequately funded. If, instead, we layoff teachers, increase class size, and raise tuition at local colleges, it would be a crime if we do it in order to maintain our massive defense spending.
Another solution offered is to reduce federal and local debt by raising taxes on the wealthy. While some of the wealthy understand the need, others say that they are the job creators and raising their taxes will kill jobs. So far, I haven’t seen these job creators create jobs. President Obama has tried several stimulus plans to get these job creators moving, but, with one exception, no one will create jobs until they see customers. That exception is the federal government.
Businesses will not create jobs until they see customers. They won’t see enough customers until unemployment is reduced. This is a problem without a solution unless the federal government steps in and creates jobs. We all know that our infrastructure needs a makeover. Now, at a time when our government can borrow at 1.6% on a 10 year loan, we should put aside our debt fears and do a job that needs to be done. This will create jobs, then customers, then the expansion of other businesses, and finally greater tax revenue to pay off the debt.
This cure not new. After over a decade of limping along after the great depression, prosperity returned when the government had to tool up for WW2. I hope we can be smarter now by avoiding the war that some of our politicians are aching for, and instead replace our ailing infrastructure with new, innovative solutions. Some projects can be: installing fiber optic cables in all cities, building a countrywide high-speed rail system, reworking our electric grid, subsidizing green industries, etc. True some existing industries will suffer, but just like the buggy-whip makers of old, they will have to find ways to adapt to the changes or fade out of existence.

100 KATA MENGENAI EKONOMI DALAM BAHASA INGGRIS



1.      Kapitalis (capitalist)
2.      Kartel (cartel)
3.      Kapasitas (capacity)
4.      Komoditi (commodity)
5.      Keunggulan komparatif (comparative advantage)
6.       Komplemen (complement)
7.      Konsumerisme (consumerism)
8.      Kurva Permintaan Agregat, Kurva AD (Aggregate Demand Curve)
9.      Kurva penawaran agregat, kurva AS (Aggregate supply curve)
10.  Kebijakn pertumbuhan berimbang (Policy of balanced growt)
11.  Konsumsi (consumption)
12.  Cost (biaya)
13.   Ceiling price (harga eceran tertinggi)
14.  Demand (permintaan)
15.    Elasticity of demand (elastisitas harga dari permintaan)
16.   Elasticity of supply (elastisitas harga dari penawaran)
17.   Equilibrium (keseimbangan)
18.   Equilibrium price (harga keseimbangan/harga pasar)
19.   Equilibrium quantity (jumlah keseimbangan pasar)
20.   Engei’s law (hukum angel)
21.   Diminishing marginal utility (utilitas marginal yg semakin menurun)
22.   Indipendent variable (variabel bebas)
23.   Dependent variable (variabel terikat)
24.    Average product (jumlah produk total)
25.   Law of diminishing return (hukum hasil lebih yang semakin berkurang)
26.  Kebijakan pendapatan (incomes policy)
27.  Kurva indeferen (curve indeferen)
28.  Labor (tenaga kerja)
29.  Land (tanah)
30.   Legal Tender (alat pembayaran sah)
31.  Liquidity (likuiditas)
32.  Long Run (jangka panjang)
33.   Macroeconomics (makroekonomi)
34.   Marginal Cost (MC, biaya marjinal)
35.   Marginal Product (MP, produk marjinal)
36.  Marginal Propensity to Consume (MPC, kecenderungan marjinal dalam mengkonsumsi)
37.   Marginal Prospensity to Save (MPS, kecenderungan marjinal untuk menabung)
38.   Marginal Revenue (MR, penerimaan marjinal)
39.   Market (pasar)
40.   Market Failure (kegagalan pasar)
41.  Microeconomic (mikroekonomi)
42.  Minimum Wages (upah minimum)
43.  Bank (bank)
44.  Accumulation (akumulasi)
45.   Barter (barter)
46.  Business (Bisnis)
47.  Check (Cek)
48.  Embargo (Embargo)
49.   Commodity (Komoditi)
50.  Subsidy (Subsidi)
51.   Transfer (Transfer)
52.   Royalty (Royalti)
53.  Capital (modal)
54.  Soquant (kepuasan yang diukur secara objektif)
55.  Isocost (biaya yang dikeluarkan produsen)
56.  Expense (ongkos)
57.   Biaya tetap (fixed cost)
58.   Biaya berubah (variable cost)
59.   Biaya total (total cost)
60.   Biaya rata-rata (average cost)
61.   Biaya tetap rata-rata (average fixed cost)
62.    Biaya marginal (marginal cost)
63.  Ekspektasi (harapan)
64.   Budget line (garis anggaran)
65.   Income consumption curve (kurva pendapatan konsumsi)
66.   Ecomonic profit (besarnya keuntungan yang melebihi normal profit)
67.  Break event analyst (analisis yang mempertimbangkan tingkat kuantitas penjualan perusahaan dimana penerimaan sama dgn pengeluaran biayanya)
68.  Breakevent point (titik pilang pokok)
69.   Derived demand (permintaan turunan)
70.    Economic man (manusia ekonomi)
71.   Economise of scale (skala ekonomi)
72.   Economies of scope (kehematan ekonomis karena menghasilkan berbagai barang dan jasa)
73.   Exclusion principel (prinsip eksklusi)
74.   Impicit-cost elements (unsur biaya implisit)
75.   Income (penghasilan)
76.   Indifference map (peta indeferen)
77.   Inelastic demand (permintaan inelastis)
78.   Least-cost production rule (ketentuan produksi biaya termurah)
79.   Hasil penjualan marginal (marginal revenue)
80.   Biaya kesempatan (opportunity cost)
81.   Premi asuransi (insurance premiums)
82.    Utang (debt)
83.   Personal Income (Penghasilan pribadi)
84.   Underemployed (setengah menganggur)
85.  Open unemployement (pengangguran terbuka)
86.   Government (pemerintah)
87.    Consumtion (konsumsi)
88.   Investasi (Investasi)
89.   Export (ekspor)
90.   Import (impor )
91.   Interest (bunga)
92.   Lease (Sewa)
93.   Planning (perencanaan)
94.   Organizing (organisasi)
95.   Stability of value (kestabilan nilai)
96.   Elasticity of supply (elastisitas penawaran)
97.   Portability (portabilitas)
98.    Average product (rata-rata produk)
99.   Assets (harta/ aktiva)
     100.Expired cost (Biaya yang sudah dikonsumsi habis pada tahun berjalan)